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Mammogram

What is a Mammogram?

A mammogram is a specialized X-ray of the breast that helps detect breast cancer at an early stage, often before symptoms appear. It can reveal small tumors or abnormalities not felt during a physical exam. Mammograms are generally recommended as a screening test for women over the age of 40, and earlier for women with a family history of breast cancer or other risk factors. They may also be used as a diagnostic tool if symptoms such as a lump, pain, or nipple discharge are present.

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What to Expect During a Mammogram?

During a mammogram, you will be asked to undress from the waist up and put on a gown. The radiologic technologist will position your breast on the mammography machine's plate and compress it with a paddle. This compression helps to even out the thickness of breast tissue and ensures that all areas of the breast are included in the X-ray. The compression may be uncomfortable but is essential for producing the best quality images.

The technologist will take two X-rays of each breast—one from the top and one from the side. The entire process usually takes about 15 to 20 minutes.

It's important to inform the technologist if you have breast implants or if you are pregnant, as these conditions may require special positioning to avoid any damage or interference with the images.

Mild discomfort during breast compression is normal, but it should not be painful. You may be asked to hold still or briefly hold your breath to minimize movement during the X-ray.

How to Prepare for a Mammogram?

Here are some tips to help you prepare for your mammogram:

  • Schedule your mammogram when your breasts are least tender, typically a week or two after your menstrual period.
  • Avoid using deodorant, powder, lotion, or perfume on your underarms or breasts on the day of the exam, as these can appear on the X-ray and obscure results.
  • Wear a two-piece outfit to make it easy to undress from the waist up.
  • Inform the facility or technologist if you have breast implants, are pregnant, or have any conditions that may require special positioning or images.
  • Bring any previous mammogram images and reports, as they help in accurately interpreting the new images.
  • Arrive on time, as mammogram appointments are scheduled closely and delays may be difficult to accommodate.
  • Don't hesitate to ask questions if you have concerns or need more information—the staff are there to help you.

What Part of the Body Does a Mammogram Scan?

Unlike other imaging modalities, a mammogram is specifically designed to scan the breasts. It helps detect abnormalities in breast tissue and monitor changes over time.

  • Screening Mammogram: Performed on women with no symptoms, usually annually or biannually starting at age 40, or earlier if high risk.
  • Diagnostic Mammogram: Ordered when symptoms are present (such as a lump, pain, or nipple discharge) or when an abnormality appears in a screening mammogram. This ensures not all mammograms are the same and allows for targeted evaluation.

Why Mammograms Are Important

  • Early detection of breast cancer saves lives.
  • Can detect tumors that are too small to be felt.
  • Helps track changes in breast tissue over time.

Frequently Asked Questions

They detect breast cancer early, often before symptoms. Many guidelines recommend starting annual screening at age 40 (earlier if high-risk—follow your doctor’s advice).

You’ll feel brief compression that may be uncomfortable but should not be painful; each image lasts only seconds.

Please avoid deodorant, powders, or lotions on the day of the exam—they can appear like calcifications on the images.

Mammography is still recommended. Tell the technologist—you’ll have special implant-displaced views for safe, accurate imaging.

A radiologist reads your exam and a report is sent to your provider, typically within 24–48 hours. Sometimes extra views or an ultrasound are requested for clarification.